基质金属蛋白酶12与肿瘤关系的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶12(matrix metalloproteinase-12，MMP-12)是一类结构中含有锌离子和钙离子的蛋白水解酶类，可降解细胞外基质(extracellular matrix，ECM)成分。MMP-12 在多种肿瘤中呈现高表达，并与肿瘤的发生发展密切关联，参与了肿瘤的生成、转移、侵袭和免疫逃逸等多个过程。MMP-12与肿瘤的预后相关，其有希望成为肿瘤预后标志物和治疗的靶点。且近年来关于MMP的机制及其抑制剂的研究有了很大进展。本文将对近年来国内外的MMP-12与肿瘤的相关研究进展予以综述。     

非小细胞肺癌新辅助靶向及免疫治疗研究进展和展望

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。近年来,随着新型药物的出现和治疗模式的优化,肺癌患者的预后已有一定改善。新辅助治疗是指对潜在可接受手术切除的患者,先给予术前抗肿瘤治疗后再行手术治疗。新辅助治疗通过术前治疗可以缩小肿瘤体积,降低肿瘤分期;并且可以杀灭患者机体中循环肿瘤细胞及微转移病灶,令患者远期生存获益。靶向治疗及免疫治疗已被应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的一线治疗。因此,有临床试验尝试将以上两种治疗手段应用于早期可切除NSCLC患者的新辅助治疗。本文针对新辅助靶向及免疫治疗对早期可切除NSCLC患者的疗效、治疗中的潜在风险予以综述,并探讨新辅助治疗的未来发展方向。     

新疆急慢性布鲁菌病患者炎性细胞因子免疫水平研究

目的 探讨新疆急、慢性布鲁菌病患者细胞因子（IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α、INF-γ）、炎性因子（PCT、hs-CRP）及RF、ESR、ASO、血培养的临床诊断意义。方法 对布鲁菌病住院患者（病例组）和正常对照人群（对照组）采用多重微球流式免疫荧光发光法和生化等技术检测多种细胞因子及炎性因子,并进行统计学分析。结果 病例组和对照组IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α和IFN-γ分别为2.74(0.97~6.25)和0.56(0.53~0.64)、34.10(13.05~60.8)和0.78(0.41~2.52)、1.83(1.15~2.75)和0.89(0.77~1.13)、6.77(2.48~13.74)和1.03(0.68~1.20)、35.23(5.79~74.98)和1.33(0.80~2.17)、212.96(42.3~436.72) pg/mL和1.69(1.36~1.89) pg/mL,病例组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。急性组和慢性组IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α、IFN-γ分别为65.32(36.27~68.60)和29.38(11.30~53.09)、2.38(1.51~3.34)和0.89(0.77~1.13)、11.98(3.92~16.49)和5.27(2.24~12.49)、50.88(16.59~96.69)和28.24（5.30~64.40）、319.00（145.14~588.52）pg/mL和160.52（36.5~418.54） pg/mL,PCT和hs-CRP分别为0.08(0.06~0.12) pg/mL和0.04(0.03~0.06) pg/mL、12.60（5.0~30.8）mg/L和3.30（1.2~16.2） mg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;低抗体滴度组和高抗体滴度组IL-6、PCT 、hs-CRP 、RF、ESR、血培养阳性率分别为30.46(11.30~50.02) pg/mL和46.20(17.72~79.69) pg/mL、0.04(0.03~0.06) pg/mL和0.07(0.04~0.11) pg/mL、3.03(0.85~9.70) mg/L和13.65(2.97~31.43) mg/L、3.0（0.8~9.7）IU/mL和13.6（3.0~31.4）IU/mL、15（7~31）mm/h和27（15~46）mm/h、15.3%和33.3%,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示6种细胞因子均为布鲁菌病患病程度的危险因素,多因素Logistic回归分析显示IL-6和INF-γ水平是布鲁菌病患病程度的独立危险因素。结论 IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α、IFN-γ及PCT、hs-CRP等指标不仅能及时准确反映布鲁杆菌感染发病程度和临床分期的免疫状况,而且IL-6和INF-γ表达水平具有独立的临床诊断评估作用,血培养在急性期或高滴度组具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

Prevalence and clinical impact of TP53 germline mutations in Chinese women with breast cancer

The prevalence and clinical relevance of TP53 germline mutations in a large unselected breast cancer series are largely unknown. Here, we determined TP53 germline mutations in a large cohort of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients through multigene panel-based next-generation and/or Sanger sequencing assays. We found that 0.5% of patients (50 cases) carried a pathogenic TP53 germline mutation in this large series of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients, and the prevalence of TP53 germline mutation was 3.8% in very early onset breast cancer (age ≤30 years) in this large cohort. TP53 mutation carriers were significantly more likely to have early onset cancer (p < 0.001) and bilateral breast cancer (p = 0.03), they and were significantly more likely to respond to carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to anthracycline- or taxane-based regimen in terms of pathologic complete response (50% vs. 0%, p = 0.006). At the median follow-up of 54 months, TP53 mutation was an independent unfavorable factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) (RFS, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–4.33, p = 0.02; DRFS, adjusted HR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.41–5.30, p = 0.003; OS, adjusted HR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.26–9.41, p < 0.001) in multivariate analyses. Our study suggested that TP53 germline mutations occur more frequently in very early onset unselected breast cancer patients; and TP53 germline mutation carriers have a very poor survival and may benefit from carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in unselected breast cancer patients.     

Targeting USP1‐dependent KDM4A protein stability as a potential prostate cancer therapy

The histone demethylase lysine‐specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) is reported to be overexpressed and plays a vital in multiple cancers through controlling gene expression by epigenetic regulation of H3K9 or H3K36 methylation marks. However, the biological role and mechanism of KDM4A in prostate cancer (PC) remain unclear. Herein, we reported KDM4A expression was upregulation in phosphatase and tensin homolog knockout mouse prostate tissue. Depletion of KDM4A in PC cells inhibited their proliferation and survival in vivo and vitro. Further studies reveal that USP1 is a deubiquitinase that regulates KDM4A K48‐linked deubiquitin and stability. Interestingly, we found c‐Myc was a key downstream effector of the USP1‐KDM4A/androgen receptor axis in driving PC cell proliferation. Notably, upregulation of KDM4A expression with high USP1 expression was observed in most prostate tumors and inhibition of USP1 promotes PC cells response to therapeutic agent enzalutamide. Our studies propose USP1 could be an anticancer therapeutic target in PC.     

加强型鼻咽通气道应用于鼻腔手术后气道管理临床研究

目的研制加强型鼻咽通气道应用于五官科鼻腔手术后的气道管理。方法选取2014年1月至2015年3月行五官科鼻腔手术的患者60例,将其分为A组和B组,各30例。A组作为加强型鼻咽通气道组,术毕在膨胀止血海绵中放置加强型鼻咽通气道保留鼻腔通气;B组作为对照组,术毕采用传统单纯填塞膨胀止血海绵。通过术后24、48 h随访,对两组患者进行疼痛、睡眠质量、口干程度评分,并对其进行对比分析。结果加强型鼻咽通气道具有良好的抗压抗折性;A组患者24、48 h睡眠质量、口干程度评分均明显优于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强型鼻咽通气道用于五官科鼻腔手术后气道管理可增强气道管理安全性及患者舒适度。     

【开放获取】男性肢端肥大症合并乳腺癌1例

患者男，64岁，因头颅增大、面部变长，颧骨隆起、下颌增大、双手掌肥厚、双手指粗短30余年，乳房肿物1年余就诊。患者30余年前无明显诱因出现渐进性手足增大，双手掌肥厚，嘴唇变厚，下颌增大，眉弓及颧骨突出，皮肤增厚，无乳腺增大、泌乳，未诊治……     

Optical coherence tomography angiography for marginal corneal vascular remodelling after pterygium surgery with limbal-conjunctival autograft

PurposeTo demonstrate the marginal corneal vascular remodelling using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) after pterygium surgery.MethodsTwenty-two eyes of 19 patients (8 males, 11 females; age, 58.68 ± 0.34 years) with primary grade-T3 nasal pterygium were enroled in this study. The eyes underwent excision of the pterygium followed by a free limbal-conjunctival autograft. OCTA was performed in the nasal limbal area before surgery and at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. The scans were analyzed in terms of postoperative vascular remodelling of the autograft and marginal corneal vascular arcades (MCAs).ResultsPreoperatively, the pterygium presented as abnormal centripetal vascular growth in OCTA scans. The conjunctival vessel density in the nasal quadrant was 29.26% ± 1.00%, 15.80% ± 0.83%, 19.80% ± 0.88%, and 20.26% ± 0.89% before and 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months, respectively, after surgery (F = 1.55, P < 0.01). The vessel density of MCAs was 28.33% ± 0.88%, 42.09% ± 0.41%, and 42.46% ± 0.31% 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months, respectively, after surgery (F = 188.2, P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe describe a new application of OCTA for MCA vasculature imaging. Vascular remodelling of the graft and MCAs appeared at 1 month and continued for 3 months after surgery.Subject terms: Conjunctival diseases, Corneal diseases     

不同包装形式基础输液生产质量内控标准调查研究

目的：考查不同包装形式基础输液的生产质量内控标准。方法：通过调研问卷调查7家基础输液生产企业关于细菌内毒素、不溶性微粒、漏液率、组合盖穿刺落屑的企业标准，并与国家标准/行业标准进行对照。结果：不同包装形式基础输液在细菌内毒素、不溶性微粒、漏液率、胶塞穿刺落屑四个方面的生产质量标准较国家标准/行业标准均有不同程度的提高。结论：生产企业的内控标准均较国家标准/行业标准更为严格，各类材料和包装形式的基础输液产品在保证临床用药安全、便捷等方面发挥了重要作用，建议将不同包装形式的技术、材料成本与药品安全性、使用便捷性挂钩，这对鼓励创新、促进公平竞争十分重要。